Ocean Literacy
11 June 2024
Theoretical Framework
Ocean literacy means understanding the ocean’s influence on you and your influence on the ocean. It is a way not only to increase public awareness about oceans but also an approach to encourage all citizens and stakeholders to have a more responsible and informed behavior towards the ocean and its resources. The Ocean Literacy Framework was developed by many scientists and educators from the ocean sciences education community. It is comprised of three consensus documents:
First – The Essential Principles and Fundamental Concepts of Ocean Sciences (K-12), Ocean Literacy Guide, Version 2, March 2013
The guide defines ocean literacy and describes the seven principles of ocean sciences that all students should understand by the end of high school. The Essential Principles are supported and explained by 45 Fundamental Concepts. They are derived from a consensus-building process involving over 100 ocean scientists and educators. The seven principles of ocean literacy include the following:
- The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
- The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
- The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
- The ocean made the Earth habitable.
- The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
- The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
- The ocean is largely unexplored.
Second – Ocean Literacy Scope & Sequence for Grades K-12
The ocean sciences education community developed a scope and sequence to show how the principles could be taught at various grade levels. The Scope and Sequence provides educators with guidance on what students need to comprehend in Grades K–2, Grades 3–5, Grades 6–8, and Grades 9–12 to achieve a full understanding of the Essential Principles. Ocean literacy principles and the scope and sequence comprise a practical resource that educators and policymakers use to influence teaching and learning about the ocean throughout our schools, museums, aquariums, science centers, parks, and other informal learning environments.
Third – Alignment of Ocean Literacy to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)
This document details the correlations between the Next Generation Science Standards (specifically the Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCI) and Performance Expectations (PE)) and the concepts included in the Ocean Literacy Guide and Ocean Literacy Scope & Sequence. The alignment documents are organized by grade band (Grades K–2, Grades 3–5, Grades 6–8, and Grades 9–12). These alignment documents were developed by the National Marine Educators Association Ocean Literacy Committee.
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